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TO
LEARN MORE VISIT HAGER DEVELOPMENTAL VORTEX
The real
tragedy is many individuals are attempting to cope
with unidentified
neurological dysorganization that does not
need to exist.
How to get started








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Auditory and
Visual Processing - A Team Effort
By Toni Hager, NDS
©2000
Auditory and visual processing, also known as
short-term memory, represent the actual quantity of
pieces of information taken in by either the
auditory or visual areas of the brain, not
the organs themselves. Processing is defined as how
well the brain understands, interprets or
categorizes information.
Many of our problems
associated with expectations and teaching are
related to our lack of knowledge of these two very
basic functions.
Development of
auditory and visual capabilities is a
result of stimulation. Today’s society is mostly
visual; video games, computers, TV and books;
whereas, in our grandparents’ day, they were more
auditory, sitting around telling stories, reading to
each other, having discussions at the dinner table,
and listening to the radio. Development of one area
allows the other area to become weaker; this causes
neurological dysorganization which plays a huge role
in learning and everyday life.
In
order for the brain to process information it must
first have the ability to hold individual pieces of
information together—short-term memory. To
understand, categorize, and interpret the individual
pieces, the brain must first arrange them into some
type of order.
Generally, the level
of language or ability to follow directions is a
reflection of the individual’s level of processing.
The “Normal” two year old
understands only two-step directions (get shoes,
eat dinner, go ride) and speaks in couplets
(want eat, no bed). A three year old processes
three (simple phrases); a four year old, four;
and on up to seven year old to adults. A seven
year old or older should be able to understand
and remember seven bits of information. That’s
one reason phone numbers are only seven digits!
Short-term memory
lasts only a second. For
example, someone tells you a phone number and you
repeat it a billion times until you can write it
down; each time you repeat the number is how long
your auditory short-term memory is. Visually, you
read something and instantly forget what you read.
The individual above age seven who holds 3,4, or 5
pieces of information together is struggling—to
learn, to behave; they may have problems with
mobility or speech, even functioning in daily life.
One factor affecting opportunity is vision and
hearing itself. If a child’s vision or hearing is
impaired, obviously that child will take in less
information. The brain learns to see by seeing and
to hear by hearing. Visual acuity, near or far
sightedness, a lazy eye, an astigmatism,
convergence/tracking; hearing loss, ear infections,
and allergies or sensitivities all affect the
quantity and quality of information our brain
receives.
Visual processing
difficulties are demonstrated in such areas as:
-
lack of awareness of what is
going on around them;
-
problems sight reading or doing
math;
-
impaired ability to learn from
books;
-
less ability to observe and react
to changes in facial expression, which affects
the ability to interact socially
-
difficulty remembering what was seen;
-
poor recall of information;
-
difficulty coping from a book or
board;
-
hinders the mechanics of taking
test;
-
unorganized;
-
poor written work;
-
unable to see an object within
competing background;
-
difficulty picking one line from
print while reading;
-
difficulty seeing difference
between two similar objects;
-
loses material;
-
late for class or appointments;
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difficulty with oral reading;
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unable to understand the concept
of time
-
difficulty expressing themselves
-
may sound "cynical".
-
unable to use a separate answer
sheet
-
difficulty with math equations;
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spells poorly;
Auditory
inefficiencies may be demonstrated in development of
"normal" receptive language (understanding).
-
history of chronic middle ear
infections;
-
difficulty hearing subtle
differences in sounds or words;
-
difficulty hearing over
background noise (radio or TV, mall, phone
conversations, sibling's music);
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hear differently what WAS said to
them (hear 49 instead 94);
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difficulty remembering
information;
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doesn't seem to be listening
-
difficulty following directions;
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difficulty using phonics
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affects social interaction
Difficulties in the
receptive area impact the expressive abilities.
Characteristics of
expressive or language difficulty:
-
has normal hearing, but display
behavior typical of a child with a mild to
moderate hearing loss;
-
often was a premature baby;
-
history of chronic middle ear
infections. What they hear is inconsistent and
distorted much like hearing underwater. A child
pronounces their words HOW their brain heard
them.
-
have hypersensitive auditory,
usually caused by ear infections;
-
have problems hearing the wide
range of sounds possible to the human ear...
tonality
-
often will give a response so
people will leave them alone. They may know what
to say; but don't know what it means;
-
have average or above IQ's (the
dysorganization is in the lower brain levels;
thinking is the upper level... cortex)
-
have language delays;
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have difficulty understanding
multiple meanings words (range--stove,
blew->blue)
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time concepts are difficult to understand. These
children live in the here and now! They are
unable to think ahead.
-
they may hesitate for a long time
before responding;
-
may be disorganized;
-
are very, very, very
distractible!
-
difficulty seeing the "whole
picture". They don't see cause and effect to
many things;
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have behavior problems
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difficulty in social situations
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unable to "read" other's feeling;
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difficulty maintaining
friendships
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may seem "off the wall"
Some of these
characteristics are similar to a child who has ADD.
This future shows how "labels" are symptoms
of neurological dysorganization.
One
month of auditory processing delays
is equal to three months of
auditory listening skill development!
Expressive language is a reflection of how efficient
the brain processed the sounds.
Auditory inefficiencies may be demonstrated in
the development of normal receptive language
(ability to understand what is said) and expressive
language (ability to speak). The receptive problem
makes it difficult to follow directions, attend to
what is said, learn through verbal instruction,
utilize phonics, and interact socially. How the
brain processes the sounds is reflected by how the
child speaks and behaves. An individual with
auditory processing inefficiencies has only heard
muffled sounds (like under water), inconsistent
sounds or words, only certain frequencies of sounds
(usually low range); this individual really didn’t
hear the words or maybe the difference in voice
tones.
Behavior is a reflection of auditory processing.
Behavior is the ability to make sense from the
environment, make decisions, take appropriate
actions, and achieve academically. For example, a
ten year old (or adult) who can only hold together 4
or 5 pieces of information will whine or throw a
temper tantrum like a 4 or 5 year old when stressed,
overwhelmed or not getting their way. Academically,
this individual will be struggling, unable to keep
up with their age mates and a large percentage will
drop out of school as soon as possible. Their daily
life is a mess, usually unable to get or hold a job,
overwhelmed, commit crimes, unable to keep
relationships; many just "fall out” of society.
Below “normal”
function generally is not a reflection of below
“normal” intelligence, nor an inability to achieve
“normal” function.
Children with processing problems are given labels
such as learning disabled, ADD/ADHD, hyperactive,
dyslexic, perceptually impaired, speech and language
delays, slow learner, and “fall through the cracks
kids,” to name just a few.

Auditory Processing
Chart above adapted from work of Lylle Palmer -

click to see larger visual (left box) auditory
(right box) version
How
well we learn is a direct reflection of how well we
receive, process, store and utilize information.
Many children and adults are attempting to cope with
unidentified processing inefficiencies. If
identified, these inefficiencies can be eliminated,
in most cases, through the utilization of some very
simple procedures which eliminate the neurological
dysorganization. The real tragedy of processing
problems is that they don’t need to exist.
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See
also Ear Infections Impact Learning
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